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station this is houston are you ready

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i'm ready

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cases this is mission control houston

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station this is greg johnson at the bio

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i read you good enough uh box it's a

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little bit of an echo but uh good enough

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okay scott i want to tell you how very

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excited personally and professionally i

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am to be sharing you with the audience

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here at bio we have an audience of

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3 000

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cto's ceos of biotech companies it's the

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greatest conference of the year

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well i'm in the u.s laboratory module of

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the international space station which

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the space station itself is currently

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flying over australia and it's uh it's

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night time there so it's dark outside

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but this u.s laboratory module is one of

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many modules we have on the space

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station it's the primary science module

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on the what's called the u.s operational

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segment of the space station but there

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are other science modules as well

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there's a european

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uh space agency module and the uh

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science module and the japanese have a

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very large science module

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and we do research on other parts of the

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space station not only inside but

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outside and on the russian segment as

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yes scott i saw your brother mark last

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weekend at the commissioning of the uss

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gabrielle giffords i appreciate you

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tweeting and acknowledging that very

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uh

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that great honor that she deserved for

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her courage and service

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um and i've got another uh message from

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him that i may or may not pass a little

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later in this transmission but to get

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started

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um

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what do you hope

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to accomplish in this one year mission

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well you know there are the

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you know the mission objectives i hope

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to accomplish but you know my primary uh

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uh goal i guess i would say is you know

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do this in a very professional manner

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for it to be very safe

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um

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and

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you know after that you know our mission

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objectives which are very very important

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and there's different kinds

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of objectives some are science uh some

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are more operational in nature but i'm

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sure you guys are interested in the

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science part of this uh this flight and

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you know while i'm up here there's in

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this course of a year there's only over

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400 different scientific experiments

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going on

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and you know they're in all kinds of

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disciplines some are are exploration

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based

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um and a lot of those are nasa type

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research but the cases research as as

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you are probably more aware than i am is

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uh you know more uh

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related to how how to improve life on

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earth and uh

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and some of that is with regards to this

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uh you know biotech industry and

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you know the the study that we're doing

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with me and misha on this one-year

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mission and then also with my brother on

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this uh on this twin study

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has a lot of applications to

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uh things on earth with regards to to

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our health and you know trying to

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improve our health as we age because you

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know things change up here much more

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rapidly

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so uh you know i hope to accomplish all

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those those goals um you know there are

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specific things i hope we learn from it

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but in a general sense you know get all

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that accomplished do it safely and you

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thank you scott and scott referred to

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cases the center for the advancement of

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science and space and i'm their

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executive director and in cooperative

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agreement with nasa we're furthering

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nasa's mission uh on this international

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space station so we're attracting

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new and innovative users commercial

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users developing commercial demand

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for this

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low earth orbit commercial market

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and biotech is right in the middle of it

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so so from what i understand then scott

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um as far as the twin studies concerned

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and under and the year-long mission

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nasa's portion of the mission is to go

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to the moon go to mars

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explore the universe

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but nasa also has a mission and that's

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where we come in to complement their

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mission

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is to solve problems here on the earth

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and so um you know as we try to

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understand how the body reacts uh in

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microgravity

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um we're going to learn how to live in

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space for longer durations

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so scott

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can you describe some of the physical

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characteristics that change

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uh when you're in space i have a funny

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story with your brother that i won't

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share but what are some other things

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that you can share with us that change

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when you live for long periods of time

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all right so so i have some stories

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about you i won't share either then but

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i was thinking of it but since you won't

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share those that my brother told

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you i won't share my stories about you

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so yeah there are a lot of things that

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change

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on our uh

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you know

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with our physiology in space that's

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similar to how people change

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as they age you know the number one

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one that people talk about and that

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you know we've researched up here for a

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long time is bone loss uh that occurs

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much more rapidly in space

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than it does on earth and it's something

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similar to what you know an elderly

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person might experience and from

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understanding uh

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you know the mechanism behind this in

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space and and how to mitigate it uh we

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can develop uh new drugs uh to prevent

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that new uh methodologies

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and that's actually been accomplished

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already there are things there there's a

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drug on the market that was uh

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you know the direct result of research

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that was conducted on the space station

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same thing with muscles we you know if

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we didn't do anything about it we would

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lose muscle mass up here now fortunately

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we have some good exercise equipment

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that prevents that but also from you

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know how that uh you know process occurs

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here we can learn things about different

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types of muscle wasting diseases and not

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just learn them with uh with people uh

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you know just today i was cleaning up

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from our cases rodent research we were

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doing here over the last couple of

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months and it was very very interesting

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very successful

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and

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you know there's a lot we're going to

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learn from that i think but we also

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uh demonstrated our ability to do that

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type of animal research on board the

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space station which i understand

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is a you know critical to many of the

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different kinds of uh you know

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treatments and drugs and things that are

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developed for for people

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uh

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you know to treat treat their problems

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we have an eye issue for instance that

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uh

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you know as you asked the earlier

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question one what's one of the things i

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hope to learn and that's one of the

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things you know being up here for a long

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time

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uh we're and we're doing some pretty

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cutting edge research in that regard

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doing

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a bunch of imaging ultrasound a bunch of

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other scans on our um

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our the structure of our eye these uh

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devices oct tonometry while we're in

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this russian low lower body negative

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pressure device

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you know those three things the effects

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of you know radiation on our physiology

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is another important one and the study

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i'm doing with my brother the twin study

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is going to look at you know how this

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environment including the radiation

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affects us on a genetic level so you

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know this is really an incredible

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facility we have up here a lot of

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capability especially with the animal

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research we have now especially

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also with uh you know the imaging

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technology the ability to do ultrasounds

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up here and other types of imaging is

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really

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turn this into a state-of-the-art

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scott as you described one of the great

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challenges is for us to

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uh take the best industry practices on

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the ground and translate those practices

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in space

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so we can take advantage of this

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one-of-a-kind asset

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asset that's up in space continuous

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microgravity

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you just can't get that here on the

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earth

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i'm going to slide ahead we're running

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out of time so i'm going to go to

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question number five i'd like you to

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talk a little bit about the commercial

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players up there i understand there's a

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couple commercial projects right now

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in the biotech uh you you talked about

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the muscle wasting project uh can you

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share any others uh that are up there

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because what we have here is an amazing

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opportunity through cases these

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commercial companies have access to the

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space station for the next nine and

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well like i said earlier there's uh

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there's while i'm here there's over 400

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different types of experiments and

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you know my primary responsibility is

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being the operator of these experiments

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which means uh you know doing what the

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principal investigator wants me to do it

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to do it per the procedure and you know

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get the research done and get the data

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and get it uh down to the ground so

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talking about uh specific biotech

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companies and uh

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and uh you know specific uh experiments

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of the

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400 that are on board i'm really not

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prepared to do that right now what i

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what i will say though is that we have

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some very skilled operators up here that

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uh you know one of their

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they're very well trained in their

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primary uh responsibility in this area

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is getting the science done the way the

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researcher wants and that's you know

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something that i uh

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i value i think is very important i

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think my colleagues share that and

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and you know it's one of the the great

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things about the space station is uh

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there's a lot of great things about this

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place but one of them obviously is the

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thank you scott um and we'll probably

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talk more about that uh the specific

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commercial examples uh for example merck

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has a project up there and others

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but we've got one more minute before i

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lose you

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what's one thing that we currently

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don't know that you hope to learn

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in the next nine or eight or nine months

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you know we've had people stay on the

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mir space station for a long period of

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time you know a year or a little bit

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longer but that was a long time ago and

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uh you know not only the russians but

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also us back then did not have the type

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of imaging

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technology and uh you know uh the

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ability to get the type of data that we

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can now

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on uh

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you know on our human health and

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performance and physiology

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and you know it's in the last 20 years

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it's really

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gr as the people in that room would know

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has really grown significantly so what i

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hope to learn is uh you know whether

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there's a cliff out there is there a

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cliff

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uh with regards to our physiology as we

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go from six months to a year or longer

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and

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if there is how do we mitigate those so

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we can explore

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further away from earth than we've gone

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well thank you very much for your time

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and at this point i'd like to turn it

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station this is houston acr that

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thank you cases in bio international